SOURCES OF DRUGS OF PHARMACOGNOSY
(a). Plants sources
(b). Animal sources
(c). Marine sources
(d). Tissue sources
(e). Mineral sources
(A). Plants sources:-
- It is the oldest sources of drugs most of the drugs is obtained from plants. Many plants / plants families contain biological active substance such as-
Labiatae -- Tulsi , Pudina, etc.
Rutaceae -- Lemon, etc
- Almost all parts of the are used i.e. leaves, stem, bark, flower, fruit and roots etc.
Eg. :- Tobacco leaves gives Nicotine.
- Digitalis leaves gives digitoxin and Digoxin, which are cardiac glycosides, etc.
• Flowers:- Plants flower used as a source of drugs.
Eg. :- Cloves gives Eugenol.
- Rose gives rose water used as tonic etc.
• Fruit :- Sennapod gives anthracin, which is purgative and laxative etc.
• Seeds :- It is used as a source of drugs.
Eg. :- Vomica seeds gives stychine, which is CNS Stimulator etc.
• Roots :- It is used as a source of drugs.
Eg. :- Rauwolfia serpentina gives reserpine, used for hypertension treatment.
• Stem :- Stem is used as a source of drugs.
Eg. :- Chondrodendron tomentosum gives tubocurarine, which is skeletal muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia.
• Tissue culture :- Tissue culture is the process in which 'in-vitro' cultivation of plant cell and animal cell under aseptic and controlled environment condition.
OR
Tissue culture is the growth of tissue or cells ( Plants or animal) in an artificial medium separate from parent organism.
Eg. :- By using tissue culture technique, following metabolites can be formed alkaloids.
- Tropaine
- Cocaine etc.
